How to identify the mesomeric effect and inductive effect?
Answer (3)
Meosomeric Effect- Effect of Resonance, transmitted through conjugated bonds
Inductive Effect- Effect of Electronegativity, transmitted through intermediate sigma bonds
The mesomeric effect refers to the electron-donating or electron-withdrawing nature of substituents in a molecule due to the delocalization of electrons. It is also known as the resonance effect. When a substituent donates electrons through resonance, it is called a +M effect. When a substituent withdraws electrons through resonance, it is called a -M effect. The mesomeric effect can be identified by analyzing the impact of the substituent on the stability and reactivity of a molecule.
The inductive effect is the polarization of electron density through sigma bonds in a molecule. It occurs due to differences in electronegativity between atoms, causing a partial positive or negative charge to develop along the bond. Electron-withdrawing groups have a -I effect and pull electron density away from the rest of the molecule. Electron-donating groups have a +I effect and push electron density towards the rest of the molecule. The inductive effect can be observed by considering the electronegativity and position of substituents in a molecule.
The mesomeric effect relates to the delocalization of electrons through resonance, influencing electron donation or withdrawal. The inductive effect involves the polarization of electron density through sigma bonds based on electronegativity. Understanding both effects helps explain stability and reactivity in organic molecules.
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