Genetic transfer refers to:
A. How Archaea dissolve in extreme environments and transfer their DNA to other prokaryotes.
B. How Bacteria evolve new genes through spontaneous mutations.
C. How prokaryotes increase genetic variation.
D. All of the above.
Answer (2)
Genetic transfer in prokaryotes refers to the process by which prokaryotes increase genetic variation, making option (c) the correct answer. This can occur through several mechanisms:
Transformation: Prokaryotic DNA is taken up directly from the environment.
Transduction: DNA is transferred via a virus, or bacteriophage, that injects DNA containing fragments from another prokaryote.
Conjugation: DNA is directly transferred from one cell to another through a mating bridge, often involving a plasmid.
Each of these mechanisms provides a method for increasing genetic diversity within prokaryotic populations. The ability of prokaryotes to acquire new genetic traits, such as antibiotic resistance, often occurs through these forms of genetic transfer. While option (b) is a method of evolution, it is not considered a form of genetic transfer but rather the result of spontaneous mutations within the organism's own DNA.
Genetic transfer refers to the methods by which prokaryotes increase genetic variation, particularly through transformation, transduction, and conjugation. The best answer to describe genetic transfer is option (C). These processes are essential for adaptations and the evolution of prokaryotes.
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