The people living in a colony don't govern themselves. They're governed from outside the colony.
A colony is "owned" by a motherland. Other places people settle, such as countries, are not owned by a motherland.
A colony is distinctly governed by an external authority, unlike other settlements which are often more self-governed. Colonies are primarily established for exploitation and control, which affects the local culture. The imposition of foreign governance, economy, and suppression of local identities set colonies apart from other forms of settlement.
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