Explain droughts and briefly explain its classification. OR Explain drought-prone area programme and agro-climatic planning.
Answer (2)
Droughts are extended periods of low precipitation leading to water shortages, classified into meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and socio-economic types. The Drought-Prone Area Programme aims to improve resilience and water management in drought-affected areas. Agro-climatic planning helps optimize agriculture by assessing climate conditions.
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Droughts are prolonged periods of dry weather caused by a lack of precipitation, which can result in a significant water shortage in the affected area. They can impact agriculture, water supply, and the overall economy. Droughts are classified into several types:
Meteorological Drought : This occurs when there is a prolonged period with less than average precipitation. It is specific to a region and its normal climate standards.
Agricultural Drought : This type occurs when there is not enough moisture for crops to grow, affecting farming and plant life.
Hydrological Drought : This results when water reserves in aquifers, lakes, and reservoirs fall below the statistical average. It is often a result of long-term meteorological droughts.
Socioeconomic Drought : This occurs when the water shortage starts affecting the supply and demand of economic goods, leading to a potential economic crisis.
The Drought-Prone Area Programme (DPAP) is an initiative in India aimed at reducing the impact of droughts on vulnerable regions. It focuses on water management, soil conservation, and sustainable agricultural practices to help communities cope with drought conditions.
Agro-climatic planning involves employing agricultural practices that are suitable for the climatic conditions of a particular region. This method of planning helps to maximize agricultural productivity while minimizing risks associated with adverse weather patterns, including droughts. It considers factors such as rainfall patterns, temperature ranges, and soil types to design effective agricultural strategies for drought-prone areas.
