The new Japanese constitution, effective in 1947, includes Article 9, which prohibits Japan from having a military and maintaining war potential. It does not contain clauses regarding alliances with the US or mandatory voting. Japan's approach to defense heavily relies on its partnership with the US, defined through agreements rather than constitutional enforcements. ;
The correct answer is B: the new Japanese constitution prevented Japan from having or using an army, particularly through Article 9, which renounces war. This constitution, enacted in 1947, promotes peace and democracy without including clauses about alliances or mandatory citizen participation in voting. It highlights Japan's identity as a pacifist nation.
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