The correct answer is B. Fire , which is a density-independent factor affecting populations regardless of size. In contrast, food, water, and space are density-dependent factors influenced by population density. Recognizing these distinctions is essential for understanding ecological dynamics.
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Density-independent factors, such as fire, affect populations regardless of their size, while food, water, and space are examples of density-dependent factors. Understanding these concepts is crucial for ecology. Fire is specifically highlighted as a key example of a density-independent factor. ;