Classify the following compounds as normal, acid, double, basic, or complex salt.
[tex]ZnSO _4, Na _2 Zn ( OH )_4, KHSO _4, Mg \left( NO _3\right)_2, K_4 Fe ( CN )_6, Mg ( OH ) NO _3[/tex], [tex]KAl \left( SO _4\right)_2 .12 H _2 O ,\left( NH _4\right)_2 Fe \left( SO _4\right)_2 .6 H _2 O , Zn ( OH ) Cl , NaHSO , NaHCO _n[/tex] [tex]FeCl _3, CH _3 COONa , Cu \left( NH _3\right)_4 SO _4, Na _2 CO _3[/tex].
Answer (1)
Classified the given compounds into normal, acid, double, basic, or complex salts.
Determined the solubility of each salt based on general solubility rules.
Populated the table with the classified salts, indicating whether they are soluble or insoluble.
Final classification table is provided above.
Explanation
Introduction to Salt Classification Let's classify the given compounds into normal, acid, double, basic, or complex salts and categorize them based on their solubility. We will define each type of salt first.
Definitions of Salt Types
Normal Salt: A salt formed by the complete neutralization of an acid by a base, where all replaceable hydrogen ions of the acid are replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions.
Acid Salt: A salt formed by the partial neutralization of a polyprotic acid, where not all replaceable hydrogen ions of the acid are replaced by metal ions. These salts contain replaceable hydrogen atoms.
Double Salt: A salt that contains two different cations or anions. They are formed by the combination of two simple salts and crystallize in the same ionic lattice.
Basic Salt: A salt containing hydroxide ions along with other anions.
Complex Salt: A salt containing a complex ion, which consists of a central metal ion surrounded by ligands (molecules or ions).
Classification of Compounds Now, let's classify each compound:
Z n S O 4 : Normal salt (Zinc Sulfate)
N a 2 Z n ( O H ) 4 : Complex salt (Sodium Zincate)
KH S O 4 : Acid salt (Potassium Bisulfate)
M g ( N O 3 ) 2 : Normal salt (Magnesium Nitrate)
K 4 F e ( CN ) 6 : Complex salt (Potassium Ferrocyanide)
M g ( O H ) N O 3 : Basic salt (Magnesium Hydroxide Nitrate)
K A l ( S O 4 ) 2 .12 H 2 O : Double salt (Potassium Alum)
( N H 4 ) 2 F e ( S O 4 ) 2 .6 H 2 O : Double salt (Mohr's Salt)
Z n ( O H ) Cl : Basic salt (Zinc Hydroxychloride)
N a H S O 4 : Acid salt (Sodium Bisulfate)
N a H C O 3 : Acid salt (Sodium Bicarbonate)
F e C l 3 : Normal salt (Iron(III) Chloride)
C H 3 COON a : Normal salt (Sodium Acetate)
C u ( N H 3 ) 4 S O 4 : Complex salt (Tetraamminecopper(II) Sulfate)
N a 2 C O 3 : Normal salt (Sodium Carbonate)
Solubility Determination Next, we determine the solubility of each salt. Most salts of sodium, potassium, and ammonium are soluble. Nitrates are generally soluble. Chlorides, sulfates, and acetates are generally soluble except for some exceptions.
Soluble:
Z n S O 4
N a 2 Z n ( O H ) 4
KH S O 4
M g ( N O 3 ) 2
K 4 F e ( CN ) 6
K A l ( S O 4 ) 2 .12 H 2 O
( N H 4 ) 2 F e ( S O 4 ) 2 .6 H 2 O
N a H S O 4
N a H C O 3
F e C l 3
C H 3 COON a
C u ( N H 3 ) 4 S O 4
N a 2 C O 3
Insoluble:
M g ( O H ) N O 3 (Slightly soluble, but often considered insoluble)
Z n ( O H ) Cl (Insoluble)
Final Table of Classified Salts Here is the table with the classified salts:
SOLUBLE
INSOLUBLE
Z n S O 4
M g ( O H ) N O 3
N a 2 Z n ( O H ) 4
Z n ( O H ) Cl
KH S O 4
M g ( N O 3 ) 2
K 4 F e ( CN ) 6
K A l ( S O 4 ) 2 .12 H 2 O
( N H 4 ) 2 F e ( S O 4 ) 2 .6 H 2 O
N a H S O 4
N a H C O 3
F e C l 3
C H 3 COON a
C u ( N H 3 ) 4 S O 4
N a 2 C O 3
Examples
Understanding the classification of salts is crucial in various fields, such as chemistry, environmental science, and medicine. For instance, in water treatment, knowing whether a salt is acidic or basic helps in adjusting the pH levels to ensure water safety. In agriculture, understanding the properties of salts like double salts (e.g., potassium alum) helps in formulating effective fertilizers. In medicine, complex salts like tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate have applications in certain treatments. The solubility of salts is also vital in determining their environmental impact and bioavailability.
