Question No. 10 How does Utilitarianism define a "good" action? A) An action that increases pleasure and reduces pain for the majority B) An action that follows religious beliefs C) An action that benefits the person performing it the most D) An action that follows strict moral duties
Answer (1)
Utilitarianism is a theory in ethics and philosophy that evaluates actions based on their consequences. The idea is to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Here's how Utilitarianism defines a 'good' action:
The Principle of Utility : This is the foundational concept of Utilitarianism, which suggests that an action is considered 'good' if it produces the most favorable balance of happiness or pleasure over pain for the community as a whole.
Focus on Consequences : Unlike some ethical theories that consider the intention behind actions, Utilitarianism focuses solely on the outcomes. The moral value of an action is determined by its result.
Maximizing Overall Good : A 'good' action is one that increases pleasure and reduces pain for the majority of people. The aim is to maximize total happiness and minimal suffering.
Impartiality and Universality : Under Utilitarianism, everyone's happiness is counted equally. No person's pain or pleasure is more important than another's.
Based on these principles, the correct answer to the question "How does Utilitarianism define a 'good' action?" would be A) An action that increases pleasure and reduces pain for the majority.
This choice aligns with the Utilitarian principle of seeking the greatest good for the greatest number, which is the central theme of this ethical approach.
