The Bill of Rights initially applied only to the federal government, but the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment has incorporated many of its protections to state governments. Supreme Court cases have interpreted this clause to ensure that states uphold specific freedoms. Thus, the due process clause is the key mechanism for binding states to the Bill of Rights. ;
When a device delivers a current of 15.0 A for 30 seconds, it results in a total charge of 450 coulombs. This charge corresponds to approximately 2.81 x 10^21 electrons flowing through the device. Thus, a very large number of electrons pass through in that time period.
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