Which of the following represents a limitation of observational studies?
A. Small subject numbers
B. Only capable of examining a limited number of variables at a time
C. May not reflect real-world conditions
D. Cannot establish cause and effect
Answer (2)
Observational studies are limited in that they cannot establish cause and effect, meaning researchers cannot definitively link factors to outcomes. Additionally, they may involve small participant numbers and may not account for all relevant variables. These limitations highlight the need for more controlled experimental studies for clearer conclusions. ;
The chosen limitation of observational studies is that they 'cannot establish cause and effect.' This limitation arises because researchers do not manipulate variables, leading to uncertainty about the relationship between observed factors. Additional limitations can include small subject numbers and limited variable examination.
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