It is called surface phenomenon because when the molecules at the surface obtain kinetic energy because of heat and light absorption and overcome binding forces and then evaporate out so it is called surface phenomenon....
The water formed on the surface of the water evaporation loss (evaporation), consisting of plant transpiration water loss (transpiration) is called. Soil near the plant and the resulting water loss is called by evapotranspiration.
Evaporation is called a surface phenomenon because it occurs only at the liquid's surface, where molecules gain enough energy to escape into the air. This process involves surface molecules overcoming intermolecular forces due to energy absorbed from the environment. Evaporation happens continuously and can occur at any temperature below boiling point.
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